|
Introduction:
To identify the mineral contents of any region and about their presence, we must recognize first of all rock types by which the land consists of, and this is because the mineral contents in any area are closely related to the quality of the rocks - each kind of rock has specific contents of its own, therefore we enumerate here a brief summary of all types of rocks that are found in Kadaref area and regions around it:
Kadaref's geology consists of the following types of rocks: -
A Chronological order of the latest to the oldest rock in the region
1 - Modern Sediments: -
Sediment usually consists of creeks, rivers and plains by the movement of water and air. It is shallow, and this situation is the result of the natural erosion by rain and the flow of water, air, heat and coolness.
2 - Basalt Stone: -
It is a volcanic black rock and covers limited parts, which has covered by it when it was a liquid on the surface of the earth, different thickness to a depth of from one region to another depending on terrain that was exposed before its cooling and hardening to be a rock, and the date of the emergence of this basalt is in the period mid-Tertiary era depending on the geological history.
3- Nubian Stone: -
And dating of the age of (Cretaceous) this Nubian stone consists of deposits of sandstone of different layers of sand and mud.
4 - Cornerstones: -
It is known generally as El Basement Cambrian due to the date of its composition to the Pre-Cambrian and stones composed mainly of Sediments-Meta.
Then it is turned to the composition of basic crystalline rocks such as schist and marble as a result of various factors on the geological composition of the earth's crust, there is also the foundation stones of various firearms such as granite, Alkabro and roots stones and many types of igneous rocks.
Metals of economic importance, Kadaref State:
As already mentioned in the introduction, the metals of economic importance is closely related to the quality of the rock-forming region we are studying, or care about them, and therefore we will discuss each type of rock we have mentioned previously in the foreground in the same sequence and supply all types of metals of economic tags that have been identified so far
1 - Modern sediments:
The most important minerals in the modern surface sediments is the water surface as we know it from wells being dug in the Lagoons. It is followed by other components of this sediment which is clay and sand with its many kinds. Many of the clays of these creeks serve as example for the manufacture of bricks or to build houses of mud, etc., and this sample benefits agricultural plains, as the soil that is where the planting and harvesting them, and then there is no planting or harvesting.
The sand formed in the course of water or in the plains of doing wind is also used as a construction material suitable for mixing with cement. Concrete and stone which are found in the belly of Lagoons are difficult to be used directly in construction and due to the way you gain these materials because of the movement with water and they must be broken and change the forms in order to fit for use Concrete as a construction material in roads, or succession.
2 – Basalt Stone:
The stone basalt is used as a very important substance in building the asphalt, as it is a solid stone and has a suitable hardness which does not harm the tires of vehicles. For this aim, it is broke to different sizes from 1.8 inch to an inch and then mixed with asphalt and paving on the road, and on the validity as a constructing concrete, it is located in the second rank after granite and fits for use in building buildings and concrete, bridges, etc., it is estimated in terms of civil engineering that it is better than quartz stone, which is used frequently in the national capital, which they prefer because it costs less than the break basalt, sandstone and succession, but it is likely that its color is not accepted by many people, but it is used often as a cornerstone accessories of stone colors and used in the manufacture of mosaic tiles.
3- Nubian Stone:
The Nubian sandstone which is composed of sand, mud, and the succession is considered one of the most important rock types in the Sudan as it is one of the most important geological structure of sedimentary aquifers in many parts of Sudan, including the area of Kadaref, and the presence of water which is known and learned from it in many areas.
In the area of Kadaref, this geologic formation is measured from some geological factors that made it does not contain ample amounts of groundwater, as it is the case in other regions, and it takes long time to determine the knowledge of these reasons, but the region needs to geological studies of a comprehensive identification of areas that contain water in this geologic formation.
Since water is the most important economic resource in the region as life depends on, we suggest the formation or use of an advisory office to resolve this problem consists of a collection specialist geologists in many areas and from various destinations, and the classification and evaluation studies, and a program of comprehensive studies based on assessment of previous studies to find critical solutions to this critical problem.
The Nubian sandstone sedimentary contains also layers of clay which has a well-known economic importance and most important of these layers is the Clay China Clay Kaolion layer which presents this child in large quantities on both sides of the River Atbara and Alcetit at the beginning of eastern Ashawak to the borders. It is a white child white used across many industries including ceramics, china and hand washing basin and toilet seats and many other industries.
The child kaolin has global markets if extracted and processed in the manner of sound scientific, and this area is restricted and profitable investment if the lesson and the foundations of a sound basis.
Finally, there is a sandstone of different colors and with mud-colored and has a cohesive strength can be treated with special machining, and the use of stone decoration on the exterior walls, and also sandstone coherent and much of it as a cornerstone to build a good fit.
4- Cornerstones: -
Basemen Complex is formed from metamorphic sediments and rocks of various firearms, which penetrates sediment, and many of them become transformed by geological factors with different time. The cornerstone has a complex geological history, as well as components of rock and we will try to be simplified and divided into two sections: -
A - Metamorphic sedimentary rocks:
B - Firearms overlapping stones: and their contents for each type of stone or metal with a certain economic importance.
A - Metamorphic sedimentary rocks:
It is composed of sediments of sand and clay, limestone and mixed, has turned into a Chest, marble and granite. The sediment trans bulk of the cornerstone is the most important stone of economic and well known in the area of Kadaref contains sediment trans is marble, which is the basis of the limestone road and spread of the marble in several places west and north of Kadaref, for example, resides in the area of Repra and Al-Sabagh, the nearest explanation for this rock is approximately 25 kilometers north west of Kadaref, using marble as a feedstock for the manufacture of cement and material limestone burned in the sugar industry to and a disinfectant and purifier of drinking water, tanning leather, etc. chemical industries, in this case must be of a high purity chemical, for example, 98% calcium polycarbonate material and less than 3-5% Magnesium polycarbonate, as well as silica.
B - Firearms overlapping stones:
Firearms overlapping stones nests in the sediments of the stones and then volcanic rocks such as basalt. These rocks are located in several regions of the state the most important area of extraction is Qalaa Al Nahl, or Om Saqta, and other areas.
These rocks, some important economically in the same such as Alqrani which is used as a construction material in a piece of sheet, and put laminate decoration on the walls or flooring, and quartz net in the form of veins and the succession is used in the manufacture of glass fibers and CICA, and so on industries such as lenses, solar energy, and some quartz veins may be important for the content of metal gold in some cases.
As some of the other stones, such as firearms nested base may contain, in many cases, certain important materials such as achromatic, asbestos, talc, platinum, nickel, and otherwise.
For these metals of great economic importance, as used in various industries and for each metal which uses his own, and spread stone foundation around the area of Kadaref and cover large areas, and the region of Qalaa Nahl is part of the area covered by the stone foundation, with the following account of a geological simplified for the uprooting of Qalaa Al Nahl – Om Saqta, and the content of metals drew the attention focused upon the company's business and uses of these metals.
Geology of Qala Al-Nahl – Om Saqta area:
The whole area is made up of the rock foundation of sedimentary and igneous cross-cutting, and the most important of these rocks in the region are firearms nested, a rock base and above the base are made up of Aldonayat, Alharzberkait, and Alkabro rocks, which turned to Serpentin and Talc and Talc polycarbonate due to geological factors with different time. This group is called Oviolight due to its sequence and has a great similarity and geological link to the mountains of Inqasna in Blue Nile State, and the same minerals are found in it that occur in the mountains of Inqasna. There are igneous rocks overlapping the other and have similar in the mountains Inqasna.
Mineral extraction area economic bees - or slip
The most important economic minerals in the region:
(1) Chrome ore:
This metal is classified chemically as one of the metal group Alasnell, and commercial crude only one which draw chrome of it consists of raw Stay chromium oxide and in nature, we find that magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide may supersede chrome, iron, and chrome ore has the net rate of 9.67% chromium oxide and 5.46% chrome net.
Raw materials business which is located in the regions of Om Saqta and Qala Al Nahl for example consists of a mixture of oxide and other metal Slkat and rarely exceed the proportion of chromium oxide 50% of crude.
The chrome ore is used in the industries of steel for the production of so-called chrome steel, a type of steel solid, after conversion of raw chrome to the metal mixture of iron was added the mixture of iron during smelting, and chromium is used also in the chemical industries of tanning and the production of a number of metallic colors and the manufacture of some medicines and vehicles other, as it is used in the production of refractory bricks for furnaces mechanism for smelting iron and some other metals.
Geologically speaking, chrome ore is usually found in igneous rocks above the basal, and its Aldonayat and Harz Bear rocks as product intended late interference by the pressure of geological tectonics, and the attic help as a financial cracks in the stones in most cases, a raw density ranging is between 5.3- 4 Dark color solid texture and grains vary and some rough and large, including many fine small - the amount of this crude in the extraction of bees mother slip, which were estimated up to 50.000 tons thoughtful, and expected the two regions may reach between 150.000 200.000 metric tons, and is still research centers continue to work to determine the quantities.
Crude is produced to the advanced industrial countries for use in the manufacture of metals and the production of chrome steel.
Iron has a high durability and holds the heat and resist chemicals and corrosion. Therefore it is desirable.
(2) Asbestos (wool or silk rock):
A mineral composed in the form of fibers smooth or rough, long and short and are always present with the rock serpentine. A rock has a variable output of the shift in rock base and above the base. It is divided into the metal after the extraction of stone, serpentine to long crank and shorts as we divide all types of fibrous materials, and use of asbestos in many industries, building materials such as asbestos pipes, slabs, and as resistance to friction and heat-insulating in the case of frictional resistance is used in the textures brakes for vehicles and the succession, as well as in the case of condoms and withstand the heat is used Kogtip to conserve heat in the pipes of the boilers, clothes firefighters to enter into the areas of fire, and has many industrial uses in such areas.
Al Attash zone contains more than fifty million tons of raw asbestos, and Qala Al Nahl contains around thirty million.
Tackiness and 4 Magnesium's: -
Those two metals are sometimes found together in the lap of one example of this is what is in the Qala Al Nahl and Abousrav Mount and its environs, located large quantities of this ore in the region have been studies in this area since the early thirties, has estimated these quantities in the early fifties, including about 200 million metric tons of crude talc, Maguenizait. Mr. Tyler has spent in this crude and 10.000 tons of it was sent to Britain were analyzed to contain 48% Talc and 4% Iron 48% Maguenizait. We have separate Almadnan and in other parts of the mountains of Qala Al Nahl.
Talc:
Pure raw talc is used as a medical in the form of powder and you know powdered talc and is also used in the articles of adornment to women's and different powder and is used in the manufacture of bricks a good, used to extract metal Almagnezim. Talc is used in the manufacture of ceramics and bricks and stuff watermark in the paper industry, pesticides, soap, paints and succession.
Almaquenizait:
A substance composed of magnesium carbonate, and it is a substance uses chemicals and various industrial foremost it and then burn the material essential for the manufacture of bricks a good, used to extract metal Almagnezim which is used in the industries of different chemicals, including drugs, and mixtures of metallic different and the biggest market for Maguenizait market is refractory as the brick after which the resulting mixture. For example, thermal insulation is important in the manufacture of refractory metals such as iron and steel industry as well as in all high-temperature furnaces.
Precious metals:
Gold: The existence of gold is usually tied to stone in the form of quartz veins, which categorically different geological formations, and these veins are usually related to geological granite. We have spaces no matter how remote it may be this granite beneath the surface of the earth in some cases. In the mountains of Qala Al Nahl no sweat quartz runs along the eastern side of the mountains Qala Al Nahl and go easy, which is located between the Qala Al Nahl and mount Ban that in the south of the shows there. The company has to take samples of this race has been analyzed and results indicated the presence of gold in this race of quartz ranges between 1-13 grams per ton, and this is an encouraging sign for the search to continue to work even if proved average at 10 grams per ton, this quartz valid in the economic exploitation of gold ore, there are the veins of quartz similar in the area of Om Saqta and Ban. Los merit further exploration and identification of realistic gold and economics.
(3) Platinum:
This group needs to discussion and study the detailed follow-up to make sure of the economics of this precious metal with chrome ore. The company continues its efforts in this area and is trying to establish a chemical plant of its own in the near future to carry out this research, it helps the company to update its policies mining, have varied results of the analysis of platinum is between 1-10 grams per ton of different samples is still a work in progress of this research, all that has been mentioned previously is the account of the reality of the existing mandate in terms of mining materials that can be used to invest in it.
Best wishes from Future Treasures Group of Companies and Factories
World's gate of detecting and prospecting gold, treasures, precious minerals, underground water and oil
|
